My project investigates the agrarian revolution that took place from 1924 to 1927 in the Chinese countryside, with a particular emphasis on the conceptualization of the “ancient and feudal relation of land” which was proposed by the Communist International as its theoretical guideline. The applicability of such an idea – established largely upon the Marxist doctrine and the European context – to rural China became a persistent point of debate between the Comintern and the Chinese Nationalist Party and contributed to the eventual collapse of the agrarian revolution. I want to explore the generation, perception, and reception of such an idea between factions in the revolution, hoping to assess the effect of this conflict of ideas on the Chinese agrarian revolution.