Ada Kuskowski is an associate professor in the Department of History at the University of Pennsylvania. Her research interests focus on cultural histories of legal knowledge in France and the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages. Her book Vernacular Law: Writing and the Reinvention of Customary Law in Medieval France (Cambridge, 2023) explores the transformation of customary law from informal social practices to a formalized field of knowledge. Through this, she reconceptualizes both the origins of customary law and the cultural, social, and intellectual processes that shaped medieval legal knowledge. She is currently developing two book projects: ‘Laws of Conquest: Crusader States in European Legal History’ and ‘Legal Truth: A History of Law and Uncertainty.’ Her research interests include French and Mediterranean history, law and literature, court culture, vernacular writing, history of the book, material cultures and conquest and colonial law.